Yep, bigots like Trump and Rowling spread lies and some people lap it up.
(I have a BSc with honours in Genetics - a bit rusty, I admit.)
They are right here. Khelif presents very much as XY with a particular DSD (disorder of sexual development). Briefly, that means she has male chromosomes (XY), but a defect in the SRY (sex-determining region of the Y) gene. Embryos are male until the SRY of those with a Y kicks in in early development. They then develop as males, with typical male internal and external features, under the influence of male hormones (principally testosterone).
If the SRY gene is faulty, the *smile* may not develop properly, so at birth the child may seem to have parts that could be either male or female. Here, the doctors have gone with female. Her birth certificate says that and her parents have raised her as a girl. No issue up to puberty - hence the photos of a pretty girl with pigtails and earrings - but then her testes started producing testosterone and male physiology developed.
Ideally, we’d have seen the test results (NB - two independent labs), but statements from the IBA, Khelif’s coach and the IOC itself (the correction to their statement that it wasn’t a DSD), as well as her history and presentation, all point to XY with a DSD.
In the West, nowadays this is identified at birth and kids are raised carefully until they can decide. (I understand we often used to remove the vestigial *smile* and raise them as girls, as that seemed the best for the child - but that just delayed the dysmorphia.) In Algeria, particularly in a rural area, it seems they’ve just believed she’s a very masculine girl.
The definitive test should be presence of a Y chromosome - easy to test and clear. Yes, there’ll be the occasional woman where SRY has transposed onto an X, but I’d say that’s like Phelps’ wingspan and Bolt’s fast-twitch muscles - luck of the draw sports-wise; no Y, she’s female. There’ll also be the occasional XY with a completely non-functional SRY, who’ll present as female - but they’ll likely never excel at sports so may never be challenged (or impact on women’s results).
The IBA may be Russian-led and corrupt, but that’s irrelevant. Biological sex is particularly important in boxing, given the differences in strength and reach. I’m completely nonplussed by the IOC’s response here - they’ve dug in to an indefensible position, perhaps out of a war with the IBA, perhaps an over enthusiasm for inclusion - and have seriously damaged their credibility. Perhaps they hoped both boxers would be defeated early on, but the results were inevitable.
This has been a debacle, for the other contestants and for the two boxers themselves who have become footballs and may honestly believe they are female. The IOC could have clearly, firmly managed this, on a science and evidence basis, but we will now see increased incidence. Looks like they’re trying to handball it to a new boxing body. I imagine that body, like the IBA, will ban the two boxers, but the damage has been done.
tl;dr: Passports? Pigtails? No - walks, talks and quacks like a man. And XY.
And, as a woman, I say JKR is a hero in this area. Could’ve sat back and enjoyed her billions, but continually puts her head above the parapet and cops abuse for articulate, logical and generally compassionate posts. Easy for men - whose spaces and medals are not under threat - to take the more fashionable view.